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USB SMART CARD READER DRIVERS

(man SmartCardServices)

OS X has a builtin list of supported USB CCID class-compliant smart card readers. For other readers, install the reader driver in /usr/libexec/SmartCardServices/drivers. Each driver is a bundle.

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Note
with macOS Mojave (10.14.6) it is still possible to install your own version of libccid or other PC/SC IFD Handler bundles to /usr/local/libexec/SmartCardServices/drivers.

Using non USB based Readers

/etc/reader.conf is read similar to standard pcscd way of doing things but instead of pointing to a library directly, it points to a bundle directry containg the same files as for usb readers, the difference is that Info.plist does not contain any product or vendor ids or friendly names.

Some projects declare a fake usb device in their Info.plist and expect the users to attach that device (maybe a usb memory stick) if they want to use the card reader, although the device has nothing to do with the card reader.

Related processes

Mojave

/System/Library/Frameworks/PCSC.framework/Versions/A/XPCServices/com.apple.ctkpcscd.xpc/Contents/MacOS/com.apple.ctkpcscd

...

Drivers are loaded as dynamic library from the latter one

Catalina

Logging

Using unified Logging on macOS platform

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/os/logging?language=objc#1682416

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https://www.avanderlee.com/debugging/oslog-unified-logging/

SMART CARD APDU LOGGING

It is possible to turn on logging for smart cards. Logging is turned on by setting global preference:

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Note

Note that logging setting is one-shot; it must be turned on by the command above to start logging again with a new reader. This is to avoid security risk that logging is turned on indefinitely.

So, set this value to yes, plug in your AirID via USB and you should see APDU tracing. After the AirID is unplugged from USB, APDU tracing is disabled again.

Customizing Logging Behavior While Debugging

Logging behavior is normally governed by the system. However, while debugging in macOS, you can enable different logging levels for a subsystem using the log command-line tool’s config argument while logged in as root.

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Code Block

title	Enabling debug-level logging for a subsystem
collapse	true

$ sudo log config --mode "level:debug" --subsystem com.your_company.your_subsystem_name

Logging PC/SC or IFD Hander activity

This is the script I use normally to debug PC/SC under macOS Mojave

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UI Expand

title	logging PC/SC on macOS

Code Block

al@heron  ~/bin  debug_pcsc.sh
Filtering the log data using "process == "com.apple.ifdreader""
Timestamp                       Thread     Type        Activity             PID    TTL
2019-08-07 15:14:05.668951+0200 0x3a402a   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] deviceRemovalHandler invoked (entryId=4295018162)
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669017+0200 0x3a402a   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] installed device removal notification
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669325+0200 0x3a402a   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] new device arrival: 2dff:b602 14122430 (entryId=4295018162)
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669466+0200 0x3a402a   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] bundle loaded: /usr/local/libexec/SmartCardServices/drivers/ifd-ccid.bundle
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669518+0200 0x3a402a   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] found bundle for device, resolved entryId=4295018162 to deviceName='certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini'
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669621+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] -> IFDHCreateChannelByName(00000000, 'certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini')
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669780+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 42925798 ifdhandler.c:110:CreateChannelByNameOrChannel() Lun: 0, device: certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini
2019-08-07 15:14:05.669927+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000158 ccid_usb.c:302:OpenUSBByName() Using: /usr/local/libexec/SmartCardServices/drivers/ifd-ccid.bundle/Contents/Info.plist
2019-08-07 15:14:05.678628+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00008626 ccid_usb.c:320:OpenUSBByName() ifdManufacturerString: Ludovic Rousseau ([email protected])
2019-08-07 15:14:05.678760+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000234 ccid_usb.c:321:OpenUSBByName() ifdProductString: Generic CCID driver
2019-08-07 15:14:05.678916+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000125 ccid_usb.c:322:OpenUSBByName() Copyright: This driver is protected by terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License version 2.1, or (at your option) any later version.
2019-08-07 15:14:07.127959+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 01449055 ccid_usb.c:784:OpenUSBByName() Wait after libusb: 9
2019-08-07 15:14:07.231178+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00103223 ccid_usb.c:660:OpenUSBByName() Found Vendor/Product: 2DFF/B602 (certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.231268+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000131 ccid_usb.c:662:OpenUSBByName() Using USB bus/device: 20/6
2019-08-07 15:14:07.231338+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000073 ccid_usb.c:722:OpenUSBByName() bNumDataRatesSupported is 0
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281130+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] <- IFDHCreateChannelByName() = 0
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281179+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] -> IFDHGetCapabilities(00000000, TAG_IFD_THREAD_SAFE)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281286+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00049910 ifdhandler.c:381:IFDHGetCapabilities() tag: 0xFAD, certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini (lun: 0)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281309+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] <- IFDHGetCapabilities() = 0 (0)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281333+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] -> IFDHGetCapabilities(00000000, SCARD_ATTR_MAXINPUT)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281412+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000152 ifdhandler.c:381:IFDHGetCapabilities() tag: 0x7A007, certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini (lun: 0)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281434+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] <- IFDHGetCapabilities() = 0 (8182)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281475+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] -> IFDHControl_v3(00000000, code=1107299656, in=(null))
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281568+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000145 ifdhandler.c:1411:IFDHControl() ControlCode: 0x42000D48, certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini (lun: 0)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281703+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) Control TxBuffer:
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281830+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) Control RxBuffer: 12 04 42 33 00 12
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281888+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] <- IFDHControl(out=<12044233 0012>) = 0
2019-08-07 15:14:07.281916+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] -> IFDHGetCapabilities(00000000, TAG_IFD_SLOTS_NUMBER)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.282054+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000442 ifdhandler.c:381:IFDHGetCapabilities() tag: 0xFAE, certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini (lun: 0)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.282158+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000146 ifdhandler.c:476:IFDHGetCapabilities() Reader supports 1 slot(s)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.282186+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] <- IFDHGetCapabilities() = 0, (1)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.282227+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] setupWithName:'certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini'
2019-08-07 15:14:07.283570+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: new client connection established
2019-08-07 15:14:07.283610+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] initWithName:'certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini' successfully registered
2019-08-07 15:14:07.283693+0200 0x5a7405   Activity    0x84ae26             13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CoreFoundation) Loading Preferences From System CFPrefsD
2019-08-07 15:14:07.283701+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: slot was set up
2019-08-07 15:14:07.284032+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x84ae26             13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CoreFoundation) [com.apple.defaults:User Defaults] CFPrefsPlistSource<0x7fe52f50f310> (Domain: com.apple.security.smartcard, User: kCFPreferencesAnyUser, ByHost: Yes, Container: (null), Contents Need Refresh: No) loaded: a new base plist and no additional changes from the base plist
2019-08-07 15:14:07.284129+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CoreFoundation) [com.apple.defaults:User Defaults] looked up value 1 for key Logging in CFPrefsPlistSource<0x7fe52f50f310> (Domain: com.apple.security.smartcard, User: kCFPreferencesAnyUser, ByHost: Yes, Container: (null), Contents Need Refresh: No)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.285145+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CoreFoundation) [com.apple.defaults:User Defaults] setting new value 0 for key Logging in CFPrefsPlistSource<0x7fe52f50f310> (Domain: com.apple.security.smartcard, User: kCFPreferencesAnyUser, ByHost: Yes, Container: (null), Contents Need Refresh: No)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.285203+0200 0x5a7405   Default     0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:APDULog] logging slot certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini
2019-08-07 15:14:07.285239+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CoreFoundation) [com.apple.defaults:User Defaults] found no value for key PollingTimeout in CFPrefsPlistSource<0x7fe52f50f310> (Domain: com.apple.security.smartcard, User: kCFPreferencesAnyUser, ByHost: Yes, Container: (null), Contents Need Refresh: No)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.286534+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: card inserted
2019-08-07 15:14:07.286586+0200 0x5a7115   Default     0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:APDULog] card in
2019-08-07 15:14:07.286616+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: card reset
2019-08-07 15:14:07.286753+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: broadcasting state change {    power = 0;    prevstate = 1;    share = 0;    state = 2;}
2019-08-07 15:14:07.286888+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] -> IFDHPowerICC(00000000, action=502)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.287045+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00004828 ifdhandler.c:1154:IFDHPowerICC() action: Reset, certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini (lun: 0)
2019-08-07 15:14:07.287210+0200 0x5a7115   Info        0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (libccid.dylib) 00000171 commands.c:204:CmdPowerOn() 5V requested but not support by reader
2019-08-07 15:14:07.563262+0200 0x5a7115   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:smartcard] <- IFDHPowerICC(atr=<3bf81300 008131fe 454a434f 50763234 31b7>) = 0
2019-08-07 15:14:07.563391+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: card reset done -> <TKSmartCardATR: 0x7fe531200840 3b 130000 T=1:--- T=1:fe45-;4a434f5076323431>
2019-08-07 15:14:07.563463+0200 0x5a7405   Default     0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:APDULog] ATR: 3b f8 13 00 00 81 31 fe 45 4a 43 4f 50 76 32 34 31 b7
2019-08-07 15:14:07.563581+0200 0x5a7405   Debug       0x0                  13149  0    com.apple.ifdreader: (CryptoTokenKit) [com.apple.CryptoTokenKit:token] certgate GmbH AirID2 Mini: broadcasting state change {    atr = <3bf81300 008131fe 454a434f 50763234 31b7>;    power = 1;    prevstate = 2;    share = 0;    state = 4;}

Bluetooth-related information

Getting information from com.apple.bluetoothd

UI Expand

title	Getting information from com.apple.bluetoothd

Code Block

bash-3.2# defaults read  com.apple.bluetoothd

    SMPCloudLocalNonce = <9475e7a0 f4e93a9a b51df8d7 0b800896>;

    LinkKeys =     {

        "b8-e8-56-0d-fb-81" =         {

            "7c-c3-a1-8f-be-4f" = <a21c29c4 a7d6591c 40d5789d 8d8b5675>;

            "d8-30-62-39-11-ca" = <4a8b9385 4eb21c5c 68226d58 b7c8501b>;

        };

    };

    SMPCloudLocalNonce = <9475e7a0 f4e93a9a b51df8d7 0b800896>;

    SMPCloudLocalPrivateKey = <a2f2a3a8 7b0668e5 0c2d85aa c3761d3e 8c924e90 bd630dd7 4dcf957f bded6289 9ee1948e 9e2710be 43a70171 0911a72f f6e3ce7b 4a37e9f4 6a3c8c7f 43bb8fb6 9a3e9abb fe328a8d f616c9aa 126b42e0 bedc22c9 a5174980 838d2f7d 4d9faf05>;

    SMPCloudLocalPublicKey = <a2f2a3a8 7b0668e5 0c2d85aa c3761d3e 8c924e90 bd630dd7 4dcf957f bded6289 9ee1948e 9e2710be 43a70171 0911a72f f6e3ce7b 4a37e9f4 6a3c8c7f 43bb8fb6>;

    SMPDistributionKeys =     {

        "b8-e8-56-0d-fb-81" =         {

            "d0-cf-5e-06-f9-c4" =             {

                Address = <d0cf5e06 f9c4>;

                AddressType = 0;

                IRK = <be6658dd 46c563c1 9b0273be be0ae0e6>;

                LTK = <3b2fd57f 7fed7c96 6e0ff8a1 c99ee836>;

                LTKLength = <10>;

                MITMProtection = 1;

                OriginalAddressType = 0;

                SecureConnection = <01>;

            };

        };

    };

}

Getting information from blued (does not exist on catalina)

UI Expand

title	Getting information from blued

Code Block
bash-3.2# defaults read blued { LinkKeys = { "b8-e8-56-0d-fb-81" = { "7c-c3-a1-8f-be-4f" = <a21c29c4 a7d6591c 40d5789d 8d8b5675>; "d8-30-62-39-11-ca" = <4a8b9385 4eb21c5c 68226d58 b7c8501b>; }; }; }

MacOS PCSC related projects

macOS IFD Handler GIT Project

https://gitlab.certgate.com/airid/mac-ble-ifd

...

sudo pkill -9 com.apple.ifdreader

Virtual smart card for testing IFDH behavior

git clone https://gitlab.certgate.com/airid-support-group/virtual_card.git

...

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Versions Compared

Old Version 17

New Version 18

Key

USB SMART CARD READER DRIVERS

Using non USB based Readers

Related processes

Mojave

Catalina

Logging

Using unified Logging on macOS platform

SMART CARD APDU LOGGING

Customizing Logging Behavior While Debugging

Logging PC/SC or IFD Hander activity

Bluetooth-related information

Getting information from com.apple.bluetoothd

Getting information from blued (does not exist on catalina)

MacOS PCSC related projects

macOS IFD Handler GIT Project

Virtual smart card for testing IFDH behavior